| English | Malaysian | Indonesian | |
|---|---|---|---|
| abolition | pemansuhan | abolisi, penghapusan | |
| abortion | pengguguran | aborsi, pengguguran (of a fetus) | |
| abroad | luar negara | luar negeri | |
| accessibility | kebolehcapaian, ketercapaian | keterjangkauan, ketercapaian, aksesibilitas | |
| account (bank, bills) | akaun | rekening (from Dutch – only used in banks), akun (used for all meanings of account apart from bank account) | |
| accountability | kebertanggungjawapan, akauntabliti | akuntabilitas, pertanggungjawaban | |
| accountant | akauntan | akuntan | |
| accounting | perakaunan | akuntansi | |
| accurate | tepat | tepat, akurat influenced by Dutch accuraat | |
| administration | pentadbiran | administrasi | |
| after | selepas, setelah | setelah (also used in Malay to indicate consecutive actions), sesudah, selepas | |
| afternoon | petang | sore, petang | |
| agent | ejen, agen | agen | |
| air force | tentera udara | angkatan udara | |
| airport | lapangan terbang ('airfield' in Indonesian; similar to Dutch vliegveld) | bandar udara loan translation of the English term, commonly abbreviated as bandara | |
| Alexandria | Iskandariah | Alexandria, Iskandariyah, a city in Egypt | |
| Algeria | Algeria | Aljazair from Arabic al-Jazā'ir | |
| alliance | perikatan, persekutuan, pakatan | aliansi (influenced by Dutch alliantie), persekutuan | |
| alloy | pancalogam, aloi | logam paduan, logam campuran, aloi | |
| apartment | pangsapuri, rumah pangsa, rumah kondo (only for 'condominium') | apartemen (influenced by Dutch appartement), rumah susun (rusun) (public housing for poor families), kondominium | |
| application (software) | perisian penggunaan, aplikasi | perangkat lunak, aplikasi | |
| architecture | seni bina | arsitektur (influenced by Dutch architectuur) | |
| archive | arkib | arsip from Dutch archief | |
| area | kawasan | daerah, area, kawasan | |
| armed forces | tentera | tentara, angkatan bersenjata | |
| army | tentera darat | angkatan darat | |
| assembly | majlis, perhimpunan (from the root verb 'himpun' meaning 'to gather/assemble') | majelis, himpunan, perhimpunan | |
| assets | aset | harta, aset, aktiva (from Dutch activa) | |
| association | persatuan | asosiasi (from Dutch associatie), persatuan, perkumpulan | |
| assumption | andaian, anggapan | asumsi, anggapan,
dugaan
| |
| astronaut | angkasawan | astronaut,
antariksawan
| |
| Athens | Athens | Athena (influenced by Dutch Athene or from native Greek Athina) | |
| athletics (sport) | olahraga ('sport' in Indonesian) | atletik | |
| auction | lelong from Portuguese leilão | lelang also from Portuguese leilão | |
| August | Ogos | Agustus from Dutch augustus | |
| auntie | makcik (also used in Riau Malay dialect in Indonesia), emak saudara, ibu saudara | bibi, tante from Dutch | |
| autobiography | autobiografi | autobiografi, otobiografi is a nonstandard spelling | |
| automatic | automatik (formerly otomatik) | otomatis (derived from Dutch pronunciation of automatisch) | |
| autonomy | autonomi | otonomi (self-governing) | |
| awkward | janggal, kekok (of gesture) | aneh, janggal, canggung, kikuk (of gesture) | |
| backpack | beg sandang (lit. "sling bag") | ransel (from Dutch), tas punggung | |
| backstage (of a theater or studio) | belakang tabir | belakang layar (lit. "back screen/behind the screen"),
belakang panggung
| |
| bag | beg | tas from Dutch | |
| baseband | jalur asas | pita dasar | |
| basin (wash basin/sink) | besen | wastafel (from Dutch, lit. washing table) | |
| basket (ball) | keranjang | bola basket | |
| basket (in general) | bakul | keranjang | |
| because | kerana, sebab | karena, sebab | |
| bed | katil | matras influenced by Dutch matras, tempat tidur, ranjang, kasur | |
| Belgium | Belgium | Belgia influenced by Dutch België | |
| Belgrade | Belgrade | Beograd | |
| belt (of a seat) | tali keledar | sabuk, ikat pinggang | |
| bicycle | basikal | sepeda (influenced by French velocipede) | |
| bill (legislation) | rang undang-undang | rancangan undang-undang, legislasi | |
| billboard | papan iklan | baliho supposedly from English ballyhoo (in English it means extravagant publicity or fuss) papan iklan, papan reklame from Dutch reclame (advertisement) | |
| billion | seribu juta, bilion | miliar (from Dutch miljard), milyar (informal but frequently used) | |
| binary | perduaan | biner (from Dutch binaire) | |
| bishop | biskop, bisyop | uskup | |
| board (company) | lembaga 'agency' in Indonesian | dewan | |
| border | sempadan | perbatasan | |
| bonnet, hood (of a car) | bonet, bumbung, hud | kap from Dutch | |
| boot, trunk (of a car) | but | bagasi | |
| Britain | Britain | Inggris, Britania (influenced by Dutch Brittannië but rarely used) | |
| Brussels | Brussels | Brussel (influenced by Dutch) | |
| Bucharest | Bucharest | Bukarest | |
| bucket; pail | baldi | ember from Dutch emmer | |
| bus | bas | bus, bis nonstandard, influenced by Dutch pronunciation | |
| bus station | stesen bas | terminal bus ( frequently pronounced as terminal bis as it is derived from Dutch pronunciation of bus ) | |
| bus stop | perhentian bas | pemberhentian bus,
halte bus from Dutch bushalte
| |
| business | perniagaan, bisnes | perniagaan (less commonly used), bisnis | |
| Cairo | Kaherah from Arabic Al-Qahirah | Kairo | |
| Cambodia | Kemboja | Kamboja | |
| Cameroon | Cameroon | Kamerun | |
| camp | kem | kamp (reflects Dutch pronunciation) | |
| campaign | kempen | kampanye (from Dutch campagne (a French loanword)) | |
| can (to be able) | boleh, dapat | bisa, dapat, | |
| cancer | kanser, barah | kanker from Dutch | |
| capacitor | pemuat, kapasitor | kondensator, kapasitor | |
| capital city | ibu negara | ibu kota | |
| car | kereta (means carriage in Indonesian, commonly used as a shorthand for kereta api, which means train. Malay followed English derivation of car which was a contraction of horseless carriage) | mobil (from Dutch/mid-English automobile) | |
| card | kad | kartu from Dutch kaart | |
| career | kerjaya, karier | karier | |
| Caribbean | Caribbean | Karibia | |
| carrot | lobak merah | wortel from Dutch | |
| case | kes | kasus, hal | |
| cash | wang tunai | uang tunai, kas | |
| cashier | juruwang | kasir, from Dutch kassier juru uang (rare) | |
| cavalry | pasukan berkuda | pasukan berkuda, kavaleri | |
| cement | simen | semen | |
| censor | tapisan (means "filter" in Indonesian) | sensor | |
| census | banci (means "transvestite" in Indonesian) | sensus, cacah, banci (virtually never used in Indonesia, listed by KBBI) | |
| centipede | lipan | kelabang, lipan | |
| central | pusat | pusat, sentral, tengah | |
| chaos (theory) | teori kekacauan | teori kekacauan | |
| chilli | cili, lada ('pepper' in Indonesian), cabai (used in the northern states of Malaysia) | cabai, lombok | |
| China | China | Tionghoa (standard term for Chinese people), Tiongkok (Republik Rakyat Tiongkok: official name of the People's Republic of China), Cina (standard, still in common use but discouraged due to racist connotations. See Shina for further information.), China (nonstandard) | |
| Christmas | Krismas, Natal | Natal from Portuguese | |
| cinema | panggung wayang bergambar (more popularly abbreviated as pawagam), panggung wayang | bioskop from Dutch bioscoop | |
| circuit | litar | sirkuit | |
| city | bandar, bandaraya (big city), kota | kota, bandar (a coastal or port city in Indonesian) | |
| civil | awam (In Indonesian, it means "non-expert"), sivil | sipil | |
| claim | tuntutan (means "sue" in Indonesian) | klaim | |
| clarification | klarifikasi, penjelasan, penjernihan (to make something, e.g. water, clear in Indonesian) | klarifikasi, penjelasan | |
| clause (legal) | fasal (equivalent term in Indonesian is pasal) | ayat, klausul | |
| club (association) | kelab | klub, perkumpulan infrequent | |
| coach (carriage) | koc | gerbong | |
| coat | kot | jas from Dutch jas | |
| cockroach | lipas | lipas, kecoa from the Chinese Min Nan ka chuah | |
| coin | syiling from English shilling | keping | |
| college | kolej, maktab | kampus, kolese, kolegium | |
| Cologne | Cologne | Köln, Koeln | |
| Colombia | Colombia | Kolombia | |
| comment | ulasan, komen | ulasan (can also mean review, interpretation or comment), komentar (from Dutch commentaar) | |
| commission | suruhanjaya | komisi (from Dutch commissie) | |
| commissioner | pesuruhjaya | komisaris (from Dutch commissaris), komisioner | |
| committee | jawatankuasa | komite panitia | |
| commonwealth | komanwel | persemakmuran | |
| Comoros | Comoros | Komoro | |
| company | syarikat | perusahaan, firma, maskapai (from Dutch maatschappij – almost exclusively used to refer to airline companies, i.e. maskapai penerbangan) | |
| compiler | penyusun | penyusun, kompilator | |
| complaint | aduan | aduan, keluhan, komplain | |
| conclusion | kesimpulan; konklusi (rare) | kesimpulan, konklusi (from Dutch conclusie) | |
| condensation | pemeluwapan, pengembunan, pencecairan | kondensasi (from Dutch condensatie), pengembunan | |
| conference | persidangan | konferensi (from Dutch conferentie), sidang | |
| confirmation | pengesahan | konfirmasi, pengesahan of a document, kepastian of a decision | |
| conflict | pertikaian | konflik, pertentangan, pertikaian | |
| Congo | Congo | Kongo | |
| conservation (movement) | pemuliharaan, konservasi (rare) | konservasi, pelestarian (of animals and plants) | |
| constitution of a country | perlembagaan | undang-undang dasar (influenced by Dutch grondwet ("basic law")), konstitusi (from Dutch constitutie) | |
| construction | pembinaan | pembangunan (of building), pembinaan (of moral), konstruksi (from Dutch constructie) | |
| consumption | perbelanjaan | konsumsi (from Dutch consumptie), pemakaian, penggunaan | |
| contamination | pencemaran | pencemaran, kontaminasi | |
| continuous | selanjar | berkesinambungan, berlanjut, kontinu | |
| conversion | penukaran (means "exchange" in Indonesia) | konversi (from Dutch conversie), perubahan | |
| corporation | perbadanan | korporasi (from Dutch corporatie), badan usaha, perusahaan | |
| corruption | rasuah, korupsi (rare) | korupsi (from Dutch corruptie), rasuah (non-standard) | |
| Costa Rica | Costa Rica | Kosta Rika | |
| counter | kaunter | loket from Dutch, konter/kaunter non-standard | |
| country | negara | negara, negeri in Malaysia, negeri usually refers to a state within a federation | |
| court | mahkamah | pengadilan, mahkamah | |
| cracker | keropok | kerupuk | |
| criminal | jenayah | penjahat, kriminal, ahli pidana (ahli pidana is criminal law expert) | |
| Croatia | Croatia | Kroasia | |
| crucial | genting | krusial, penting, genting | |
| Cuba | Cuba | Kuba | |
| cupboard | almari (from Portuguese armário) | lemari also from armário | |
| current (adjective, of time) | semasa | saat ini,
kini,
terkini,
aktual (from Dutch actueel)
| |
| current affairs | hal ehwal semasa | aktualitas, peristiwa terkini | |
| curtain | langsir (means train wagon arrangement in Indonesian), tirai | tirai (used for all meanings apart from house curtain), gorden (of a house; from Dutch gordijn) | |
| customs (authority) | kastam | pabean refers to the administrative institution, bea dan cukai (bea-cukai) lit. tariff-and-tax, duty | |
| cute | comel | imut, menggemaskan, lucu | |
| Cyprus | Cyprus | Siprus | |
| Czech Republic | Republik Czech | (Republik) Ceko | |
| dandruff | kelemumur | ketombe | |
| December | Disember | Desember (influenced by Dutch december) | |
| decimal | perpuluhan (means tithe in Indonesian) | desimal (from Dutch decimale), persepuluhan (rare) | |
| decree | dekri | surat keputusan, dekrit (from Dutch decreet) | |
| degree (of temperature) | darjah | derajat | |
| delicious, tasty | lazat, sedap, enak | lezat, enak, sedap | |
| democratic | demokratik | demokratis (from Dutch demokratisch note: "democratic republic" (in country names) translates as republik demokratik, such as in Republik Demokratik Kongo (Democratic Republic of the Congo)) | |
| department | jabatan ('occupation' in Indonesian) | departemen, jurusan (for department in university) | |
| departure | pelepasan | keberangkatan, kepergian | |
| depression (psychological) | kemurungan (means "sadness" in Indonesian) | depresi (from Dutch depressie) | |
| deputy | timbalan | wakil, deputi, timbalan (rare) | |
| design | reka bentuk | desain, kerangka bentuk, rancangan | |
| detail | terperinci | detail, detil (nonstandard), perincian, rinci (nonstandard) | |
| dialect | loghat | dialek, logat | |
| detection | pengesana | pelacakan, deteksi | |
| different – difference | beza, berbeza – perbezaan | beda, berbeda – perbedaan | |
| diocese | kawasan uskup, keuskupan | keuskupan | |
| director | pengarah | direktur from Dutch (and French) directeur, sutradara (of a film) from Sanskrit (through Javanese), pengarah (for an event) | |
| discount | diskaun, rebat, potongan harga | diskon, rabat, potongan harga, korting from Dutch, less frequent | |
| discussion | perbincangan, diskusi | pembicaraan, perbincangan, diskusi (from Dutch discussie) | |
| disinfectant | penyahjangkit | disinfektan, sucihama | |
| domestic | dalam negara | dalam negeri, domestik | |
| driver | pemandu means guide in Indonesian | sopir from French chauffeur through Dutch, pengemudi formal | |
| driver's license (U.S.) driving licence (UK) | lesen memandu | surat izin mengemudi (SIM) | |
| drugs (illegal) | dadah (colloquial use in Indonesia means "goodbye") | narkoba (an acronym for NARKotika dan OBat-obatan terlArang (narcotics and illegal drugs)), NAPZA (less frequent – an acronym for NArkotika, Psikotropika dan Zat-zat Adiktif (narcotics, psychotropics, and addictive chemical substances)) | |
| Dutch East Indies | Hindia Timur Belanda | Hindia-Belanda | |
| duty (economics) | duti, cukai | bea, cukai | |
| e-mel | surel (standard, shortened of surat elektronik (electronic mail)), email (rarely used in everyday spelling, often used in online spelling (e.g. website-based registration or social account)) | ||
| Easter | Easter, Paskah strictly used for Jewish Passover | Paskah from Portuguese Pascoa | |
| Ecuador | Ecuador | Ekuador | |
| editor | penyunting | editor, penyunting, redaktur (from French rédacteur through Dutch – refers to editors of mass printed media) | |
| editorial (board) | kakitangan editorial | redaksi (from Dutch redactie),editorial | |
| effectiveness | keberkesanan | keampuhan, keefektifan, efektivitas (from Dutch effectiviteit) | |
| efficiency | kecekapan | efisiensi, kedayagunaan, kemangkusan | |
| Eid ul-Fitr | Hari Raya Aidilfitri | Hari Raya Idulfitri – Idul Fitri nonstandard spelling, but common, Lebaran colloquial – from Javanese | |
| eight | lapan used as colloquial abbreviation in Indonesian | delapan used in Malaysia before the spelling reform | |
| elasticity (economy) | keanjalan | bingkas, elastisitas | |
| electricity | tenaga elektrik lit. electric energy | listrik, kelistrikan, setrum (from Dutch stroom) | |
| embargo (political) | sekatan (means "obstacle" or "room which separated with partition" in Indonesian) | boikot, embargo | |
| emergency | kecemasan (used for anxiety or "too anxious" (condition) in Indonesian) | darurat (from Arabic – also used in Malaysia to express a state of emergency), kegawatan | |
| emperor | maharaja | kaisar (from Dutch keizer), maharaja (from Sanskrit) | |
| empire | empayar | kekaisaran, imperium | |
| enamel | enamel | email (from Dutch emaille) | |
| energy | tenaga | energi, tenaga (for "power") | |
| engine | enjin | mesin, motor | |
| England | negeri Inggeris | Inggris | |
| eraser | getah pemadam | penghapus | |
| erosion | hakisan | pengikisan, erosi (from Dutch erosie) | |
| escalator | tangga gerak | tangga berjalan, eskalator | |
| estimation | jangkaan, anggaran | perkiraan, dugaan, estimasi | |
| Ethiopia | Habsyah from Arabic الحبشة al-habsha (Abyssinia) | Etiopia | |
| Europe | Eropah | Eropa, Europa (nonstandard) | |
| evacuation | pemindahan (means "translocation" or "relocation" in Indonesian) | pengungsian, evakuasi (from Dutch evacuatie) | |
| evaluation | penilaian | penilaian, evaluasi (from Dutch evaluatie) | |
| evening | teja | sore petang | |
| excess | lebihan | kelebihan, berlebihan, ekses | |
| excretion | perkumuhan | ekskresi, pembuangan kotoran | |
| execution (death sentence) | hukuman mati | eksekusi (from Dutch executie), (peng)hukuman mati | |
| exhaust (pipe) | ekzos | knalpot (from Dutch, in which it also means "muffler") | |
| exploration | penjelajahan, eksplorasi | eksplorasi, penjelajahan | |
| export | eksport | ekspor | |
| expose | pendedahan | paparan, ekspos, pendedahan (virtually never used in Indonesia, listed by KBBI) | |
| extinct | pupus | padam (of flame or light), punah (of species), pupus (loss of hope) | |
| faculty | fakulti | fakultas, fakulteit (obsolete, from Dutch) | |
| facility | kemudahan, fasiliti | kemudahan, fasilitas | |
| faction (politics) | puak | faksi, fraksi from Dutch fractie | |
| factory | kilang ('refinery' in Indonesian) | pabrik from Dutch fabriek | |
| fan (fanatic) | peminat | penggemar, fans informal, from English; Indonesians always use the plural form | |
| federal | persekutuan | federal | |
| federation | persekutuan (related to "alliance" in Indonesian) | federasi from Dutch federatie, serikat | |
| fermentation | fermentasi, peragian | fermentasi, peragian, penapaian | |
| financial | kewangan | keuangan, finansial from Dutch financieel | |
| Finland | Finland | Finlandia | |
| firefighter squad | bomba | pemadam kebakaran (lit. fire extinguisher), branwir (from Dutch brandweer (fire defense)) | |
| flash drive | pemacu kilat | penggerak kilat | |
| floor, level (storey) | tingkat may be used in Indonesian to express the number of storeys/levels a building has, e.g. a 5-storey building = gedung bertingkat 5, or to emphasize British floor numbering, e.g. tingkat satu means first floor (UK), second floor (US) in both languages, aras (used to emphasize American floor numbering, e.g. aras dua = tingkat satu | lantai also refers to floor as ground surface in both languages, emphasizes American floor numbering, tingkat emphasizes British floor numbering, e.g. lantai dua = tingkat satu | |
| football | bola sepak | sepakbola | |
| force (physics) | daya | gaya | |
| form (document) | borang | formulir from Dutch formulier, borang (nonstandard) | |
| free (of charge) | percuma means "worthless" in Indonesian | gratis from Dutch, cuma-cuma, cecuma (nonstandard) | |
| fungus | kulat, fungus | fungi | |
| furniture | perabot rumah, perkakas rumah (In Indonesian, perkakas means equipment) | mebel from Dutch meubelen, perabot rumah tangga, furnitur | |
| fusion | pelakuran | fusi, penggabungan, peleburan | |
| gangster | samseng | geng, preman from Dutch vrijman (lit. free-man), gangster from English | |
| garage | garaj | garasi influenced by Dutch pronunciation | |
| garrison | garrison | garnisun from Dutch garnizoen | |
| gear | gear | roda gigi influenced by Dutch tandwiel, lit. "tooth wheel" | |
| gearbox | kotak gear | persneling from Dutch versnelling, girboks, transmisi | |
| general (military) | jeneral | jenderal from Dutch generaal | |
| ginger | halia | jahe | |
| Global Positioning System | Sistem Kedudukan Sejagat | Sistem Pemosisian Global | |
| goal keeper | penjaga gol/penjaga gawang | kiper, penjaga gawang | |
| golf club (stick) | kayu golf | stik golf, pemukul golf, tongkat golf | |
| government | kerajaan derived from raja (king) – used in Malaysia and Brunei – in Indonesian means "kingdom" | pemerintah derived from perintah (order/instruction) – also used in Singapore, which, like Indonesia, is a republic | |
| governor | gabenor, Yang di-Pertua Negeri (in Malaysian states) | gubernur from Dutch gouverneur | |
| gradation | pemeringkatan | gradasi, pemberian tingkat (pemeringkatan) | |
| graduate | siswazah, sarjana | lulusan, sarjana | |
| grandfather | datuk | kakek | |
| Greece | Greece of recent use, Yunani | Yunani from Arabic Yūnān يُونَان | |
| gross financial | kasar | bruto from Dutch, kasar | |
| group | sekumpulan, kumpulan | kelompok, grup from Dutch pronunciation of groep, (per)kumpulan, (per)himpunan | |
| guarantee | jaminan | jaminan, garansi from Dutch pronunciation of garantie | |
| half past one | pukul satu setengah (one thirty) | pukul setengah dua (thirty to two) | |
| hammer | tukul | palu, martil from Portugue martelo | |
| Handball | bola baling | bola tangan | |
| head office | ibu pejabat "ibu" also means "mother" or "ma'am" in both languages | kantor pusat "kantor" – from Dutch kantoor (office) | |
| headscarf, hijab | tudung | kerudung, jilbab though these words have different meanings | |
| healthy | sihat | sehat | |
| herb | herba | jamu often understood as traditional potion made from rhizomes, also means "guest" ("tamu") and "treat the guest" ("menjamu"), herbal | |
| hexadecimal | perenambelasan | heksadesimal | |
| hospital | hospital | rumah sakit influenced by Dutch ziekenhuis ("house of the sick") – This term is still used in Brunei, but in Malaysia, "hospital" has replaced the term completely since the 1960s | |
| Hungary | Hungary | Hungaria, Hongaria substandard, influenced by Dutch Hongarije | |
| hybrid (biology) | kacukan hibrid | hibrida | |
| I | saya, aku | saya, aku, gue/gua (slang; from Chinese dialects "ua") | |
| ice | ais | es | |
| Iceland | Iceland | Islandia | |
| image | citra, imej (of reputation), gambar (pictorial image) | citra (of reputation), gambar (pictorial image) | |
| imagination | imaginasi | imajinasi, khayalan | |
| immigration | imigresen | imigrasi from Dutch immigratie | |
| import | import | impor | |
| impotence | mati pucuk, impotensi, lemah syahwat | impotensi from Dutch impotentie, lemah syahwat colloquial | |
| impotent | kemandulan | impotensi, kemandulan | |
| incineration | penunuan | insinerasi | |
| Indian Ocean | Lautan Hindi | Samudra Hindia | |
| inductor | peraruh, induktor (rare) | induktor | |
| information | maklumat | informasi, from Dutch informatie, penerangan rare | |
| injection (noun) | suntikan | suntikan, injeksi | |
| ink | dakwat from Arabic | tinta from Dutch tinte, dawat (archaic) | |
| installment (payment) | ansuran | angsuran, cicilan | |
| instant | segera (means "soon" in Indonesia) | seketika, instan | |
| insurance | insurans | asuransi from Dutch assurantie | |
| intelligence (spying) | risikan (means 'secret investigation' in Indonesia) | intelijen, tilik sandi | |
| international | antarabangsa | internasional, mancanegara from Javanese meaning: foreign land) | |
| internet café | kafe internet, kafe cyber | warnet a portmanteau for "warung internet" (lit. internet shop) | |
| intervention | campur tangan, intervensi | campur tangan, intervensi | |
| introspection | kaji diri, introspeksi (rare) | introspeksi, mawas diri | |
| invasion | penyerangan, penjajahan (means colonialism in Indonesian), invasi | invasi | |
| investment | pelaburan | investasi, penanaman modal | |
| Iraq | Iraq | Irak | |
| Ireland | Ireland | Irlandia | |
| irrigation | pengairan | irigasi, pengairan | |
| Italy | Itali | Italia from Italian | |
| Japan | Jepun from Portuguese Japão | Jepang, Jepun (archaic) | |
| Jordan (country) | Jordan | Yordania from Dutch Jordanië | |
| journalist | wartawan | wartawan, jurnalis | |
| July | Julai | Juli from Dutch juli | |
| June | Jun | Juni from Dutch juni | |
| ketchup | kicap (Indonesian equivalent, kecap, means soy sauce) | saus tomat from French sauce tomate | |
| lane | lorong (means alley in Indonesian) | lajur | |
| lawyer | peguam | advokat from Dutch advocaat, pengacara (means 'master of ceremonies' in Malay) | |
| Lebanon | Lubnan from Arabic | Lebanon, Libanon influenced by Dutch | |
| legislative | perundangan (In Indonesian, it means legislation), legislatif | legislatif | |
| liability | liabiliti | kewajiban | |
| licence | lesen | izin, lisensi from Dutch licentie | |
| lieutenant | leftenan (influenced by British English pronunciation) | letnan | |
| lift, elevator | lif | lift | |
| liquidity (economy) | kecairan | likuiditas | |
| Lisbon | Lisbon | Lisboa from Portuguese, Lisabon influenced by Dutch Lissabon | |
| list | senarai | daftar, senarai less common | |
| local | tempatan | lokal, setempat | |
| Luxembourg | Luxembourg | Luksemburg influenced by Dutch/German Luxemburg | |
| Macau | Macau | Makau | |
| Macedonia, Republic of | Republik Macedonia | Republik Makedonia | |
| magistrate | majistret | hakim from Arabic حَكِم – used in Malaysian to refer to judges, magistrat less common | |
| Maldives | Maldives | Maladewa | |
| male | lelaki, laki-laki, jantan (for animals, depending on the context, it can mean masculine or used as a derogatory term on men) | laki-laki, pria, lelaki, jantan (on animals, used on men to describe masculinity) | |
| malfunction | kerosakan, malfungsi, pincang tugas | kerusakan, malafungsi | |
| malpractice | penyelewengan (means "misappropriation" in Indonesian) | malapraktik | |
| management | pengurusan | manajemen, pengurusan (rare) | |
| manager | pengurus | manajer, pengurus | |
| manufacturing | pengilangan | manufaktur | |
| March (month) | Mac | Maret influenced by Dutch maart | |
| mass | jisim | massa | |
| mathematics | matematik, ilmu hisab | matematika, ilmu hitung, ilmu hisab only used in Islamic text books | |
| matter | jirim | materi | |
| mattress | tilam | kasur, matras, tilam | |
| mean (verb) | bererti | berarti | |
| mediation | pengantaraan (In Indonesian, it means "broking") | mediasi | |
| medicine | ubat | obat | |
| memory card | kad ingatan/kad memori | kartu memori | |
| mental arithmetic | congak | aritmetika cepat, congak | |
| Mexico | Mexico | Meksiko | |
| mile | batu (means "stone" in Indonesian, from Sanskrit) | mil | |
| military | tentera, ketenteraan, militari | militer (from French militaire through Dutch militair), kemiliteran, ketentaraan | |
| minibus | bas mini | bis mini, minibus | |
| minute | minit | menit | |
| mobile phone, cellphone | telefon bimbit | telepon seluler (ponsel), telepon genggam | |
| Monaco | Monaco | Monako | |
| Monday | Isnin | Senin | |
| money | wang, duit | uang, duit (colloquial) | |
| Morocco | Maghribi from Arabic | Maroko | |
| mortgage | gadai janji | hipotek from Dutch hypotheek, gadai | |
| Moscow | Moscow | Moskwa, Moskow | |
| motorcycle | motosikal | sepeda motor lit. "motorized bicycle" – influenced by Dutch motorfiets, motor (informal) | |
| Mozambique | Mozambique | Mozambik | |
| Mrs. | Puan | Ibu, Nyonya (Ny.) | |
| music | muzik | musik | |
| naked | bogel, telanjang | telanjang, bugil (colloquial) | |
| natural | semulajadi | alami, natural | |
| navigation | pandu arah, navigasi | navigasi | |
| navy | tentera laut | angkatan laut | |
| negotiation | perundingan | perundingan, negosiasi | |
| network | rangkaian (means circuit in Indonesian) | jaringan, jejaring | |
| New Zealand | New Zealand | Selandia Baru | |
| newspaper | surat khabar coined from two Arabic words: ṣūrat – صورة / صورت (form, appearance) and khabar خبر (news) | surat kabar (more formal – lit. news letter), koran (from French courant through Dutch, Krant in modern Dutch, but Koerant in Afrikaans) | |
| Nicosia | Nicosia | Nikosia | |
| nil | nil | nol from Dutch nul | |
| noisy | bising, kecoh in Indonesian means "disturb" or "distract", memekak | berisik, ribut, ramai, bising | |
| Norway | Norway | Norwegia | |
| number | nombor | angka, nomor – nomer substandard spelling from Dutch/German nummer | |
| nurse | jururawat | perawat, suster from Dutch zuster, only for female nurse | |
| ocean | lautan | samudra, lautan rarely used in formal situation | |
| Oceania | Oceania | Oseania | |
| octal | perlapanan | oktal | |
| office | pejabat | kantor (from Dutch kantoor) | |
| officer | pegawai, kaki tangan (a negative connotation usually means accomplice in criminal activity in Indonesian) | pejabat | |
| official (adj.) | rasmi (from Arabo-Persian rasmi رَسمِي) | resmi (also from rasmi) | |
| Olympic | Olimpik | Olimpiade | |
| opposition | pembangkang (means "defiance" in Indonesian) | oposisi | |
| option | pilihan, opsyen (rare) | pilihan, opsi | |
| orange (colour) | jingga, oren | jingga, oranye (from Dutch oranje) | |
| orange (fruit) | oren, limau | jeruk, limau | |
| order (instruction) | order, perintah | perintah | |
| organization | pertubuhan, organisasi | organisasi | |
| oscillation | ayunan | osilasi, ayunan | |
| oven | ketuhar | oven | |
| Pacific Ocean | Lautan Pasifik, Lautan Teduh | Samudra Pasifik | |
| Palestine | Palestin | Palestina | |
| papaya (fruit) | (buah) betik | (buah) pepaya | |
| Papua New Guinea | Papua New Guinea | Papua Nugini | |
| parallel | selari | paralel | |
| parliament | parlimen | parlemen (from Franco-Dutch parlement) | |
| party (political) | parti | partai (from Dutch partij) | |
| passport | pasport | paspor | |
| patient | pesakit means convict in Indonesian | pasien | |
| patrol | ronda | patroli (for police and military) (from Dutch patrolie), ronda (for civilian) | |
| pavement, sidewalk | jalan pinggir, jalur jalan untuk pejalan kaki, laluan jalan kaki, kaki lima (In Indonesia, it is used in pedagang kaki lima (street vendor)) | trotoar (from Franco-Dutch trottoir) | |
| penis | zakar from Arabic ذَكَر "male"- this word is extremely vulgar in Indonesian, "buah zakar" means testicles, batang lelaki, konek (slang) | penis (formal), zakar from Arabic, less frequent, pelir, alat kelamin laki-laki (euphemism), kemaluan lelaki (euphemism), burung (vulgar), titit (children's slang like "pee-pee"), kontol (slang, extremely vulgar) | |
| percent | peratus | persen, perseratus (less common, usually used when compared per mille) | |
| perfume | haruman, minyak wangi | parfum from Dutch, minyak wangi | |
| periodic | berkala | berkala, periodik | |
| Persia | Parsi | Persia | |
| pharmacy | farmasi | apotek (from Dutch apotheek), farmasi (usually for medicine manufacturers) | |
| photograph | gambar (In Indonesian, it means "picture" or "figure"), foto | foto (lit. photo) potret | |
| physics | fizik (Indonesian equivalent term, fisik, is used for term physical, e.g. aktivitas fisik [physical activity]) | fisika | |
| pickpocket noun | penyeluk saku | copet (portmanteau of colong dompet, "wallet thief"), pencopet | |
| pig, swine | khinzir from Arabic خِنْزِير (khin-zeer) | babi | |
| pipe | paip | pipa | |
| pirate (maritime) | lanun | bajak laut, perompak (perompak in Malay, means "robber"), lanun (archaic) | |
| platform (train) | platform | peron from Dutch perron | |
| Poland | Poland | Polandia | |
| police | polis (means "insurance policy" (polis asuransi) in Indonesian) | polisi from Dutch politie | |
| pollution | pencemaran | pencemaran, polusi | |
| portion | sebahagian | porsi, sebagian (a portion of...) | |
| post code | poskod | kode pos | |
| potential | keupayaan | potensial, daya berkemampuan | |
| Prague | Prague | Praha (also used in Malay) | |
| prayer (Islam) | solat, sembahyang | salat (standard), shalat, sholat (from Arabic, 'sh' is usually pronounced as 's'), sembahyang | |
| prayer room (Islam) | surau | surau, musala, mushollah (from Arabic, 'sh' is usually pronounced as 's') | |
| precipitation (meteorology) | kerpasan | curah hujan, presipitasi | |
| prediction | ramalan | prediksi, ramalan, prakiraan (not perkiraan estimation) | |
| pregnant | mengandung, hamil (formal, from Arabic حَامِل), berbadan dua lit. "two bodied", bunting for animals | mengandung (formal), hamil (colloquial), berbadan dua (poetic), bunting (informal) | |
| premature | pramatang | prematur, dini | |
| Preparation | Penyediaan | Persiapan | |
| preposition | kata sendi nama | preposisi, kata depan | |
| press | media massa, surat khabar (see above) | pers (from Dutch), media massa | |
| Private Limited Company | Sendirian Berhad abbreviated as Sdn Bhd (suffix), "sendirian" alone means "alone" | Perseroan Terbatas abbreviated as PT (prefix) | |
| privatization | penswastaan | privatisasi, swastanisasi, penswastaan | |
| producer | produsen | produsen, penghasil | |
| product | keluaran | produk (from English and Dutch product), hasil, keluaran (more specific term for outcome) | |
| programming (computer) | pemrograman | pemrograman | |
| property (?) | harta | properti | |
| propulsion | perejangan | propulsi, pendorong, penggerak | |
| prostitute | pelacur, perempuan sundal (vulgar) | pelacur, Wanita Tuna Susila (WTS) (Sanskrit, pronounced 'way-tay-es', i.e. "moral-less women"), Pekerja Seks Komersial (PSK) (formal, pronounced 'pay-es-ka' (commercial sex workers)), perek (slang) | |
| prostitution | pelacuran | prostitusi, pelacuran | |
| province | wilayah (used in Indonesian to mean 'area'), daerah (used in Indonesian to mean 'area') | provinsi (from Dutch provincie) | |
| publication | penerbitan | penerbitan, publikasi, terbitan | |
| pulse | denyut | denyut, pulsa | |
| push, to (door) | tolak (It used as in tolak peluru (shot put) in Indonesian for this contex, used less primarily in Indonesian to mean 'subtract', it also means 'to refuse/reject', also common meaning in Malay when used in arithmetics) | dorong (means "to push" in Malay, but often used to mean "to support") | |
| queue (line) | barisan (means line "formation" in Indonesian) | antre | |
| rabbit | arnab (from Arabic) | kelinci | |
| Random-Access Memory (RAM) | Ingatan Capaian Rawak | Memori Akses Acak | |
| rape | rogol | perkosa | |
| raspberry | rasberi | frambus, frambosen (from Dutch framboos) | |
| ratio | nisbah | rasio, nisbah, perbandingan | |
| Read-Only Memory (ROM) | Ingatan Baca Sahaja | Memori Hanya Baca | |
| real estate | hartanah | realestat, properti tanah | |
| receipt | resit, penerimaan | kuitansi, kwitansi (substandard, from Dutch kwitantie), resi, bon from Dutch, struk | |
| recession (economy) | kemelesetan (In Indonesian, it means "mishit") | resesi, kelesuan (ekonomi) | |
| reclamation | tebus guna | reklamasi | |
| recruitment | pergerakan (In Indonesian, it means "movement"), pengambilan (In Indonesian, it means "taking") | perekrutan, rekrutmen | |
| refraction | pembiasan | pembiasan, refraksi | |
| refrigerator | peti sejuk lit. cool box (rarely used in Indonesian) | lemari es, lemari pendingin (lit. cooler closet), kulkas (from Dutch koelkast) | |
| religion | agama, ugama (widely used before the 80s) | agama, kepercayaan | |
| renovation | pengubahsuaian | renovasi | |
| reproduction | pembiakan | reproduksi, pembiakan (also means "breeding") | |
| research | kajian (means research or investigation result in Indonesian) | penelitian, riset | |
| responsibility | tanggungjawab | tanggung jawab, pertanggungjawaban | |
| resistor | perintang | resistor, hambatan, perintang | |
| restaurant | kedai makan lit. "eating shop", restoran | rumah makan lit. "eating house", warung makan lit. "eating café", restoran | |
| retailing | peruncitan | ritel, eceran | |
| ring (mathematics) | gelanggang | ring, gelanggang | |
| rob | rompak (Indonesian for "to commit piracy") | rampok, rampas | |
| Rome | Rom | Roma | |
| room | bilik (usually means "compartment" in Indonesian) | kamar (from Dutch kamer), ruang (Javanese, for storage areas etc.) | |
| roundabout (traffic) | bulatan e.g. Bulatan DBP in Kuala Lumpur pusing keliling (in Brunei) | bundaran e.g. Bundaran HI in Jakarta | |
| routing | penghalaan | penghalaan | |
| royal | diraja | kerajaan (in Malaysia and Brunei means "kingdom" or "government") | |
| rubber | getah may also mean gum or sap or resin in both languages, also figure of speech for "cause of bad deed" | karet | |
| rumour | khabar angin, desas-desus | rumor, desas-desus, kabar angin, kabar burung | |
| salty | masin | asin, masin (rare) | |
| Sanskrit | Sanskrit | Sanskerta | |
| sauce | sos | saus | |
| sausage | sosej | sosis (from Dutch saucijs) | |
| scenario | senario | skenario | |
| school (Islamic) | sekolah pondok | madrasah, pesantren, pondok pesantren | |
| science | sains | ilmu (from Arabic 'ilm) (alam), sains (especially for "natural science") | |
| Scotland | Scotland | Skotlandia | |
| secret | rahsia | rahasia | |
| secretary | setiausaha Indonesian lit. "loyal to work" | sekretaris (from Dutch secretaris) | |
| section | seksyen, bahagian | seksi (from Dutch sectie), bagian | |
| sensor | penderia, pengesan, sensor | sensor | |
| server (computing) | pelayan | server, peladen | |
| session | sesyen, sesi | sesi (from Dutch sessie) | |
| sewer | saluran najis "najis" means dirty in both languages, saluran kumbahan | selokan, parit (means 'ditch' in Malay), got, saluran air/pembuangan | |
| sexagesimal | perenampuluhan | seksagesimal | |
| shampoo | syampu (from Anglo-Indian / Hindustani chāmpo, the imperative form of (Hindi) चाँप्ना chāmpnā 'to smear, knead the muscles, massage') | sampo | |
| share (verb) | berkongsi (In Indonesian, it means "creating trading company" or "plotting something bad") | berbagi | |
| shirt | baju (also in Indonesian but more generally refers to clothes) | kaos, kemeja (from Portuguese camisa, implies collared shirt) | |
| shoe | kasut generalized term for any footwear in Indonesian, but usually related to sandals or ancient shoes, sepatu | sepatu (understood but less frequently used in Malaysia, from Portuguese sapato) | |
| shop | kedai (Means eateries stall in Indonesia) | toko, warung, kedai | |
| shopping mall | pusat beli-belah | mal, pusat perbelanjaan | |
| site (internet) | tapak (means foundation (building) or footprint in Indonesia) | situs | |
| Slovakia | Slovakia | Slowakia | |
| snow | salji (from Arabic thalj) | salju (also from thalj) | |
| sodomy | liwat (from Arabic) | sodomi, liwat (only used in Islamic text books) | |
| solar | solar, suria (from Sanskrit 'surya') | surya | |
| solution | penyelesaian, solusi (rare) | solusi, pemecahan, penyelesaian | |
| sour | masam | asam, masam (poetic, usually used in connotative expressions: bermuka masam: sour faced (dissatisfied/unhappy expression)) | |
| soya beans | kacang soya | (kacang) kedelai | |
| Spain | Sepanyol | Spanyol | |
| speak/talk | berbicara, bercakap (means 'to chat' in Indonesian), bersembang, berborak | berbicara, ngomong (Javanese ngoko, colloquial) | |
| specialist | perubatan, pakar | spesialis (in case of specialist doctor), pakar in general, it means expert | |
| spoon | sudu | sendok | |
| sport | sukan | olahraga (means "athletics" Malay, from Sanskrit, lit. "to train the body") | |
| spouse | pasangan suami-isteri, kelamin colloquial, in Indonesian means "sex" or "gender" | pasangan (suami-istri), suami-istri (husband-wife) | |
| stability | kestabilan | stabilitas, kestabilan | |
| stadium | stadium | stadion, stadiun from Dutch | |
| staff | kakitangan (phrase "kaki tangan" means subordinate with negative image in Indonesian) | staf, personil from Dutch personeel, pegawai | |
| stamp | setem | perangko | |
| standard | piawai, standard | standar patokan | |
| starfish | tapak Sulaiman | bintang laut | |
| state (within a federation) | negeri | negara bagian | |
| station | stesen | stasiun (formerly spelled "setasiun") | |
| steering wheel | roda stereng | roda setir (from Dutch stuur) | |
| stop (verb) | berhenti | berhenti, henti, stop | |
| strawberry | strawberi | stroberi, arbei from Dutch aardbei | |
| stupid | bodoh, bengap, tolol, bangang, bongok (slang) | bodoh, dungu, tolol, goblok (slang), very demeaning in Malay, geblek (slang), bego (slang) | |
| sublimation (phase transition) | pemejalwapan | sublimasi, penyubliman | |
| Sunday | Ahad | Minggu (from Portuguese Domingo which means Lord's Day), Ahad (only used in Islamic calendar) | |
| sunglasses | cermin mata gelap (In Indonesia, cermin means "mirror") | kacamata hitam (lit. black glasses), kacamata riben (from 'Ray-Ban' brand of sunglasses ) | |
| supermarket | pasar raya | supermarket, pasar swalayan (lit. self-service market) | |
| supervision | penyeliaan | pengawasan, penyeliaan, supervisi | |
| survey | tinjauan (means process or result of observation in Indonesian), kaji selidik | survei | |
| suspend (hang) | menggantung (means 'hang' in Indonesian) | menangguhkan (also 'adjourn' in Malay) | |
| Sweden | Sweden | Swedia | |
| Switzerland | Switzerland | Swiss | |
| Syria | Syria | Suriah (from Arabic) | |
| table (set of facts or figures) | jadual (Indonesian equivalent, jadwal, means "schedule") | tabel | |
| tank | kereta kebal | tank | |
| tap water | air paip (piped water) | air keran (from Dutch Kraan), air ledeng ("ledeng" also means "plumbing", from Dutch "leiding") | |
| tapioca | ubi kayu as in Indonesian, understood as the tuber cassava itself | (tepung) tapioka, tepung singkong | |
| taxi | teksi | taksi | |
| teacher | cikgu, guru | guru | |
| teacher (religious, Islam) | ustaz, ustad (ultimately from Persian اُستَاذ), ustadzah female | ustad, ustadzah | |
| team | pasukan used in Indonesian to refer to squad (military) | tim | |
| telephone | telefon (formerly talipon) | telepon | |
| television | televisyen, TV | televisi (from Dutch televisie) , TV | |
| terms | terma | syarat | |
| terrorist | pengganas (means "rioter" in Indonesian) | teroris | |
| terrorism | pengganasan | terorisme | |
| testicles | buah zakar, testis, buah keranjut | testis, biji kemaluan, buah zakar (slang, vulgar), kanjut (slang, vulgar) | |
| Thailand | Negara Thai, Siam, Thailand | Thailand, Siam, Muangthai used in old scripts | |
| The Hague | The Hague | Den Haag (from Dutch) | |
| ticket | tiket | tiket, karcis (from Dutch kaartje, usually refers to small-size ticket) | |
| time | masa, waktu | waktu from Arabic الوقت (al-Waqt), masa (can be used for 'in a specific long period of time' in Indonesian) | |
| tire (US)/tyre (UK) | tayar | ban (from Dutch [auto]band) | |
| tofu | tauhu | tahu, tofu | |
| toilet | bilik air, tandas | toilet, kamar kecil, WC (pronounced 'way-say') for watercloset | |
| tornado | puting beliung | puting beliung, angin puyuh, tornado | |
| toothpaste | ubat gigi | pasta gigi, odol | |
| towel | tuala (from Portuguese toalha) | handuk (from Dutch handdoek) | |
| traffic jam | kesesakan lalulintas, jam (slang) | kemacetan, macet | |
| traffic light | lampu isyarat (In Indonesian, isyarat means sign) | lampu lalu-lintas | |
| train | kereta api, tren | kereta (api) | |
| transport, transportation | pengangkutan | transportasi, pengangkutan, perhubungan (in case of Ministry of Transportation) | |
| transsexual | pondan, bapok (slang), transseksual | transseksual, waria (polite) a shortened form of wanita-pria , bencong, banci | |
| tree | pokok in Indonesian means "principal" or "core" or "staple", in Sundanese poko means authentic, e.g. authentic cuisine, pohon | pohon | |
| trillion (1012) | trilion | trilyun, triliun (from Dutch pronunciation; starting with 1012, Indonesian uses the short scale) | |
| try | cuba | coba | |
| turkey (bird) | ayam belanda | (ayam) kalkun (from Dutch kalkoen) | |
| turn | pusing (means 'to spin' in Indonesian, commonly used to mean dizzy as a short form of kepala pusing), belok | belok, putar | |
| ugly | hodoh, teruk, buruk | jelek, buruk | |
| Ukraine | Ukraine | Ukraina | |
| uncle | pakcik | paman, oom, om (derived from Dutch, pronounced and sometimes spelt oom) | |
| union | kesatuan (in Indonesian means "unitary") | persatuan, uni, serikat | |
| United Arab Emirates | Emiriah Arab Bersatu | Uni Emirat Arab | |
| United Kingdom | United Kingdom | Inggris Raya | |
| United Nations | Pertubuhan Bangsa-Bangsa Bersatu | Perserikatan Bangsa-Bangsa | |
| United States of America (USA) United States (US) | Amerika Syarikat | Amerika Serikat (AS) | |
| university | universiti | universitas | |
| until | sehingga (means 'thus' in Indonesian), sampai | hingga, sampai | |
| vagina | faraj (from Arabic, in Indonesian means "vulva"), pepek/pepet (slang) | alat kelamin wanita, liang peranakan, vagina, farji, memek (slang, vulgar), pepek (slang, vulgar) | |
| variable (mathematics) | pemboleh ubah | variabel, peubah | |
| Vatican City | Vatican City | (Kota) Vatikan | |
| Venice | Venice | Venesia (influenced by Dutch Venetië) | |
| verb | kata kerja | kata kerja (influenced by Dutch werkwoord, lit. "work word"), verba | |
| verification | pengesahan (means "validation" in Indonesian) | verifikasi | |
| very | sangat, amat, sekali | sangat, amat, sekali, banget (from Javanese ngoko) | |
| vice (deputy) | naib | wakil, naib (less common) | |
| victim | mangsa in Indonesian means "prey" | korban | |
| Vienna | Vienna | Wina (influenced by Dutch Wenen) | |
| violet (colour) | lembayung | violet, ungu, lembayung (rarely used) | |
| virgin | (anak) dara, (anak) gadis, perawan | perawan (formal), gadis, (anak) dara | |
| viscosity | kelikatan | viskositas, kekentalan | |
| visit | lawatan, pelancongan | wisata, kunjungan, pelancongan, lawatan (to foreign country, sick person or dead person) | |
| volleyball | bola tampar | bola voli | |
| volume (math) | isi padu | volume, ruang, isi | |
| voucher | baucer | vocer | |
| want | mahu | mau, ingin | |
| warden | warden, penjaga penjara | sipir (penjara) (from Dutch cipier) | |
| Warsaw | Warsaw | Warsawa | |
| website | laman web, laman sesawang | situs web, laman web | |
| weekend | hujung minggu | akhir pekan, akhir minggu | |
| well (water hole) | perigi | sumur, perigi (rarely used) | |
| wheelchair | kerusi roda | kursi roda | |
| when | bila, apabila, ketika, bilamana (rarely used) | kapan, bilamana, (question word) bila, ketika | |
| window | tingkap, jendela | jendela (from Portuguese janela), tingkap (less common) | |
| windscreen, windshield | cermin kereta | kaca depan (mobil) | |
| wire | dawai, wayar | kawat (e.g. copper wire), kabel (e.g. electrical wire, cable) | |
| you | anda (very formal), awak, kamu, engkau, kau | anda (everyday formal), kamu (familiar only), engkau ('kau) (prose), elu/loe (very vulgar Betawi slang, influenced by Chinese dialect leu) | |
| zero | sifar | nol from Dutch nul | |
| zipper (fastener) | zip | resleting from Dutch ritssluiting | |
| zone | zon | daerah, zona | |
| zoo | zoo, taman haiwan (kebun binatang was also frequently used in Malaysia before the mid-1960s) | kebun binatang (derived from Dutch dierentuin, lit. "animal garden"), taman margasatwa (more formal form for zoological park) |
False friends[edit]
Besides vocabulary differences, there are also a number of false friends in both languages. As these words are in quite common use in either or both of the languages, misunderstandings can arise.
| Word | Malaysian meaning | Indonesian meaning |
|---|---|---|
| ahli | a member (of a group) (when the word is used by itself) (from Arabo-Persian "ahli" اهلی 'belonging to a group, people, indigenous or sim.'), expert in a field (from Arabo-Persian "'aqli" عقلی 'belonging to the intellect or mind, intellectual') | expert in a specific field |
| akta (from Latino-Dutch acta) | act (= law) | act (= written legal document) |
| awak | you (casual) | me / I (Used by speakers from Sumatra mainly Malays, people in Medan, etc.), crew (of transportation) |
| baja | fertilizer | steel Malay: besi waja |
| banci | census (Indonesian: sensus) | effeminate, transvestite homosexual (negative connotation) |
| bandar | city | port |
| bangun | to develop/ wake up (from sleep) | to build / wake up (from sleep) |
| bapa | Father (male parent) | specific to 'Father' (God) in religious context (Christianity) our Father which art in Heaven = Bapa kami yang di surga Father in Indonesian is bapak (with an additional 'k' letter') |
| belanja | to treat, giving something for free | to shop (note: also carries this meaning in Malay, though in a context more akin to "spend"). |
| berbagi | to give | to share (something) |
| berbual | to chat | to tell a lie |
| bercinta | in (the essence of) love | to make love, have sexual intercourse |
| beredar | From the root word "edar" which can means; to oscillate (planets only), to leave, or to distribute | to oscillate, to distribute |
| berlaku | happen, occur | apply |
| biji | seed | seed, testicles ("balls", offensive) |
| bila | when | if, when (older version, almost obsolete) |
| bina | to build | to develop |
| bisa | venom | can/be able to (also understood but less frequently used in Malay) (same as "boleh" in Malay), venom |
| bontot/buntut | buttock | tail ('ekor' as commonly used in Malay, sometimes in Indonesia) |
| budak | kid Indonesian:anak or bocah | slave |
| butoh/butuh | male genitals, an offensive reference | need |
| cadangan | suggestion, opinion, proposal (example: peti cadangan = suggestion box) Indonesian:saran | reserve, spare (example: ban cadangan = spare tire) |
| comel | cute, pretty | (to call) someone who can not keep a secret (example: mulutnya comel = her mouth can't keep a secret) |
| daripada | A preposition that carries 5 meanings;
| |
| detik | jiffy | second |
| doktor | doctor (medical); doctorate (educational title) | doctorate (educational title) In Indonesian, the equivalent for medical doctor is dokter |
| duduk | to sit, a place to live on (only used informally) | to sit, to occupy |
| electronic mail (recently changed to "emel") | enamel | |
| gampang | bastard from 'anak gampang' lit. easy child. | easy (non-negative meaning) |
| getah | rubber, plant sap | plant sap |
| hemat | moral excellence | frugal, pennywise, save money or something e.g. electricity, gas or water usage |
| jabatan | department | position |
| jawatan | position | department |
| jemput | to invite, to pick up | to pick up |
| jeruk | pickles/preserved fruits or vegetables | orange (fruit) |
| jimat | frugal, pennywise, save money or something e.g. electricity | amulet (the Malay equivalent is azimat) |
| kacak | handsome | ber-kacak pinggang (stands with hands on your hips) The Malay equivalent is bercekak-pinggang, a phrase to mean that a person is being bossy |
| kadar | rate | content, level |
| kakak | elder sister | elder sibling (either elder brother or sister) |
| kakitangan | employee | subordinate (with negative meaning) |
| kapan | or kafan: Muslim burial shroud (kain kafan/kapan) | when (kapan mau pulang? = when do you want to go home?) |
| karya | work of art (karyawan = artists) | to work (karyawan = workers) result of work Karya seni = work of art to create a piece of art. |
| kerajaan | government (historical association, most Malay states were governed by monarchs, from Raja = King, now refers to any kind of government) | kingdom |
| keranjang | 'bola keranjang' = basketball (no other use than for basketball) | basket |
| kereta | car | vehicle, carriage, cart (kereta api = train, kereta kuda = horse carriage/cart, kereta gantung = cable car) |
| kesal | regret Indonesian:sesal | annoyed |
| khidmat | service Indonesian: layanan | fully concentrate |
| koneksi | 'konek' = dick (slang/vulgar) | connection Malay: Sambungan |
| konfeksi | A soft solid made by incorporating a medicinal substance or substances with sugar, sirup, or honey | clothing industry, any fancy or luxurious women's clothes (Dutch: confectie. A non-standard spelling sometimes used is: "konveksi") |
| kurun | century | a long (time) |
| lucu | funny | funny, cute (slang) |
| mangsa | victim | prey (for animal) |
| mengacau | to disturb, to stir Indonesian: mengaduk | to disturb |
| operasi | mathematic operational symbol, tactical operation | mathematic operational symbol, police operation, operation/surgery (as in Dutch) |
| pajak | to mortgage, pawn | tax |
| paket | packet | packet, package (normally used for promotion purposes, as in Dutch) |
| pantas | speedily | appropriate, 'no wonder' |
| pantat | buttock (Sabahan Malay meaning), vagina/pussy (slang/vulgar) | buttock |
| pelan | plan (associated with architectural work, site map etc. only) | slow (perlahan in Malay) |
| penyelenggaraan | maintenance | organizing |
| pejabat | office | high-rank officer/officials (those who hold office, Malay (pegawai)) |
| pembangkang | opposition | rebel (noun), insurgent |
| pemerintah | ruler | government |
| pengacara | emcee, host Indonesian: pembawa acara | lawyer (but it has nothing to do with its root word acara which means an event or a TV program in both languages) |
| pengajian | studies Indonesian: pelajaran | mass recitation of Qur'an, (Islamic) teaching |
| penganjur | organizer | promoter |
| percuma | free of charge percuma can also mean free of charge in Indonesian, but its usage has become obsolete, replaced by cuma-cuma/gratis (taken from Dutch: gratis = free) | useless, not needed |
| petang | afternoon | evening |
| piawai | standard; correct bahasa piawai = standard language | expert; skillful (on something) |
| pijat | bugs (software bugs i.e. Year 2000 bug and also commonly referring to the bed bugs) | massage Javanese pijet |
| pohon | tree, to plea or to beg (from basic word: "mohon") | tree |
| pokok | tree | essential, basic, main kebutuhan pokok = essential necessities |
| polis | police | (insurance) policy (as in Dutch) |
| polisi | policy | police (as in Dutch) |
| punggung | buttock | back Malay: belakang |
| pupuk | to nurture | fertilizer (also means 'to nurture' in the metaphorical sense of the word) |
| pusing | to go around a place, circular in motion, to spin/rotate Indonesian: putar | dizzy, confused, headache |
| putera | prince (Indonesian: Pangeran | son |
| rambut | hair (for head only) | hair |
| rayuan | appeal (neutral) | flattery, seduction (emotional or sexual connotation) |
| saat | second | jiffy |
| sarjana | Master's degree | Bachelor's degree |
| sederhana | medium, normal | simple, easy |
| senang | easy | happy, relax |
| seronok | good, enjoyable | in nonstandard usage: "impolite", "pornography-related"[31][32] gambar seronok = porn picture |
| sulit | confidential, difficult | difficult |
| tambang | fare Indonesian: tarif | mine, rope (as tali tambang) |
| tandas | toilet | to explain, to finish |
| wakil | representative | vice (for example, 'vice chancellor' and 'vice president'), representative |
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