| Word | English translation | From language | Word |
|---|---|---|---|
| abjad | alphabet/alefbet | Arabic | أبجد / abjad |
| abolisi | abolition | Latin | abolitia |
| akta | act (law) | Latin (via English) | actus |
| aktivitas | aktiviti | activity | English | activity |
| ad interim | temporarily | Latin | ad interim |
| Ahad | Sunday | Arabic | الأحد / al-Aḥad |
| ahli | community, expert | Arabic | أهل / ahl |
| agama | religion | Sanskrit | agama |
| akhbar | news | Arabic | أخبار / akhbār |
| aksara | alphabetic letter, key | Sanskrit | अक्षर / akṣara |
| almari (Indonesian: "lemari") | cupboard | Portuguese | armário |
| almamater | revered name for one's university | Latin | alma mater: wise and nurturing mother |
| amnesti | amnesty, state-granted pardon | Latin | amnestia |
| anggur | grape | Persian | انگور / angūr |
| angkasa | outer space, sky (literary) | Sanskrit | ākāśa "sky" |
| anugerah | award, blessing | Sanskrit | anugraha अनुग्रह "favour" |
| apam | kind of cake or hopper | Tamil | appam அப்பம் |
| arnab | rabbit | Arabic | أرنب / ʻarnab |
| askar | soldier | Persian | عسكرى / ʻaskarī / asker |
| asmara | love, passion | Sanskrit | smara |
| badam | almond | Persian | بادام / bādām |
| bahasa | language | Sanskrit | bhāṣā, Tamil பாஷை / pācai |
| bahaya | danger | Sanskrit | bhaya भय "risk, peril" |
| baki | remainder, leftover | Arabic | باقي / bāqī |
| bakti | homage, devotion, service etc. | Sanskrit | bhakti |
| baldi | bucket | Portuguese | balde |
| bandar | port/town | Persian | بندر / bandar |
| bangku | stool/chairs | Portuguese | banco / bank |
| bangsa | nation, race | Sanskrit वंश | vaṃśa "lineage, race" - cf. "wangsa" |
| bus | bas | bus | English | bus, from Latin "omnibus" |
| bayu (lit.) | wind | Sanskrit | वायु / vāyu |
| bendera | flag | Portuguese | bandeira |
| bendi (in Indonesian, it means "gig", different with "bhendi" in Hindi) | okra/lady's finger | Hindi | भेंडी bhēṇḍī, Tamil veṇṭi / வெண்டி |
| beta | I (as used by royalty) | the Moluccan dialect[citation needed] | |
| becak | beca | trishaw | Hokkien | 馬車,马车 / bé-tshia "horse-cart" |
| beda | beza | difference | Sanskrit | bheda |
| biara | monastery | Sanskrit | vihara |
| bidadari | fairy, angel | Sanskrit | विद्याधरी / vidyādharī "fay, sprite" |
| bina | to build | Arabic | بناء / bināʼ / bina 'construction' |
| bihun | rice vermicelli | Hokkien | 米粉 / bí-hún |
| biola | violin | Portuguese | viola |
| biskuit | biskut | biscuit | English | biscuit |
| bohsia | sexually active girl | Hokkien | 無聲 bô siaⁿ 'without voice' |
| bomba | fire brigade | Portuguese | bomba, "pump", or bombeiro, "fireman", lit. "pumper" |
| boneka | doll | Portuguese | boneca |
| bola | ball | Portuguese | bola |
| budi | reason, virtue | Sanskrit | bodhi, related to buddhism |
| buku | book | Dutch | boek |
| bumi | earth | Sanskrit | bhūmi "land" |
| cadar | bed linen | Persian | چادر / chādar "cloak" |
| cawan | cup | Mandarin | 茶碗,茶碗 / cháwǎn '“tea bowl” |
| cendana | sandalwood | Sanskrit | चन्दन / candana |
| cukup | enough | Mandarin | 足够 / zúgòu |
| dacin | dacing | scales | Mandarin | 台秤 / táichèng |
| dakwah | sermon | Arabic | دعوة / daʻwah |
| degil | headstrong, stubborn | Sinhala | ඩීගිල් / ḍīgil |
| delima | pomegranate, ruby | Sanskrit | dāḍima / दाडिम "pomegranate" |
| demokrasi | democracy | Greek | δημοκρατία / dēmokratía |
| dekan | dean | Portuguese | decano |
| denda | fine, punishment | Sanskrit | daṇḍa दण्ड 'rod' |
| desa | countryside | Sanskrit | deśa देश "country" |
| dewan | hall | Persian | دیوان / dīvān "administration" |
| dewi | Goddess | Sanskrit | देवी 'devi' |
| dirgahayu | "long live" (Dirgahayu Tuanku! - Long live the King!) | Sanskrit | dirghayu |
| deskriptif | descriptive | English | descriptive |
| dobi | laundry | Hindi | धोबी / dhobī "caste of laundrymen who used to wash people's clothes in bygone days" |
| duka | sadness | Sanskrit | duḥkha |
| dunia | world | Arabic | دنيا / dunyā / dünya |
| durjana | evil, wicked, malicious | Sanskrit | durjana |
| email | emel | English | ||
| erti (Indonesian variant "arti") | meaning | Sanskrit | arta |
| falsafah | philosophy | Arabic | Arabic فلسفة / falsafah, from Ancient Greek φιλοσοφία / philosophía |
| fitnah | slander | Arabic | فتنة / fitnah "upheaval, scandal" |
| forum | forum | Latin | forum |
| gajah | elephant | Sanskrit | gaja गज |
| gandum | wheat | Persian | گندم / gandom |
| garasi | garaj | garage | English | garage |
| garpu | fork | Portuguese | garfo |
| gereja | church | Portuguese | igreja |
| grafik | graphic | English | graphic |
| gratis (mainly in Indonesian usage) | for free | Dutch | gratis |
| guru | teacher | Sanskrit | गुरु guru 'heavy' |
| had | limit | Arabic | حد / ḥadd |
| halal | permitted | Arabic | حلال / ḥalāl |
| haram | forbidden | Arabic | حرام / ḥarām |
| harta | asset | Sanskrit/Tamil | arttam/அர்த்தம் |
| hartal | strike, civil disobedience | Gujarati | હડતાળ / haḍtāḷ, હડતાલ / haḍtāl (pronunciation with r via Hindustani ہڑتال) |
| haiwan | animal | Arabic | حيوان / ḥaywān |
| hasta | hasta (unit) | Sanskrit | hásta हस्त |
| hina | lowly, inferior | Sanskrit | hīnna |
| hisab | counting/arithmetic | Arabic | حساب / ḥisāb |
| humaniora (mainly Indonesian) | humanities | Latin | humaniora |
| huruf | word character/letter | Arabic | حرف / ḥarf (plural حروف ḥurūf) |
| ilmu | knowledge/science | Arabic | علم / ʻilm |
| Isnin (Indonesian: "Senin") | Monday | Arabic | الإثنين / al-Ithnayn |
| istana | palace | Sanskrit | āsthāna आस्थान assembly/audience hall |
| jawab | to answer | Arabic | جواب / jawāb / Cevap |
| jelata | the masses | Sanskrit | janatā जनता "community" |
| jendela (mainly in Indonesian usage) | window | Portuguese | janela |
| Jepun | Japan | Portuguese | Japão |
| jiran | neighbour | Arabic | jiran جيران |
| Jumat | Jumaat | Friday | Arabic | الجمعة / al-Jumʿah |
| Kamis | Khamis | Thursday | Arabic | الخميس / al-Khamīs |
| kaca | glass (material) | Sanskrit | kāca काच "glass, lens" |
| kamus | dictionary | Arabic | قاموس / qāmūs / kamus |
| kantata (mainly Indonesian) | song | Latin | cantata |
| kapal | boat | Tamil | kappal கப்பல் |
| kaunter (Indonesian: konter (alternative of loket)) | counter, desk | English | counter |
| kedai | foodstall | Tamil | kaṭai கடை |
| keju | cheese | Portuguese | queijo |
| kelas | class | English | class |
| kemeja | shirt | Portuguese | camisa |
| kepala | head | Sanskrit | kapāla कपाल "skull" |
| karena | kerana | because | Sanskrit | karaṇena करणेन |
| kuli | coolie / port worker | Hindustani | قُلى qulī (itself derived from a Turkic language) |
| karton | carton (classifier for packaging) | English | carton |
| kartun | cartoon (animated movie) | English | cartoon |
| kereta | carriage, car | Portuguese | carreta |
| kerusi | chair, stool | Arabic | كرسي kursii |
| kemah | khemah | tent | Arabic via Persian | خیمة / khaymah |
| kuil | temple/shrine | Tamil | kōyil கோயில் |
| kismis | raisin | Persian | کشمش / kishmish |
| kolam | pool of water | Tamil | kuḷam குளம் |
| koma-koma | saffron | Sanskrit | कुङ्कुम kuṅkuma |
| kompromi | compromise | The pronunciation (lack of the "s" phoneme) suggests that this was borrowed from French (perhaps via Dutch) | compromis |
| komputer | computer | English | computer |
| kurkuma | saffron, turmeric | Sanskrit | कुङ्कुम kuṅkuma 'saffron', influenced by Arabic كركم kurkum 'turmeric' |
| kongsi | share | Hokkien | kong-si 公司 |
| korban | sacrifice | Arabic | قربان / qurbān |
| kota | fort | Tamil | கோட்டை / kōṭṭai |
| kredo | creed | Latin | credō |
| kucai | chives | Hokkien | 韭菜,韭菜 / kú-tshài |
| kuda | horse | Tamil | கோடை kōṭai < Sanskrit घोट ghoṭa |
| kue | kuih | cake | Hokkien | kué 粿 |
| kualitas | kualiti | quality | Latin | kualitas, through Dutch: kualiteit |
| kurma | date | Persian | خرما / khormā |
| lancia | lanca | rickshaw | Hokkien | 人車,人车 / lâng-tshia "human drag cart" |
| lelong | auction | Portuguese | leilão (archaic) |
| lemari (Malaysian: "almari") | cupboard | Portuguese | armário |
| lirik | lyrics | English | lyrics |
| limau | lemon/orange | Portuguese | limão |
| lobak | carrot | Cantonese | 萝卜,蘿蔔 / lo4 baak6 |
| lungkang | longkang | drain | Hokkien | 龍江,龙江 / liông-kang |
| lori | truck/lorry | English | lorry |
| maaf | sorry | Arabic | معاف / muʻāf 'pardoned' |
| maha | great | Sanskrit | mahā |
| makmal | laboratory | Arabic | معمل / maʻmal |
| mangga | mango | Tamil | mangkāy மாங்காய் |
| mani | sperm, semen | Sanskrit | maṇi मणि "bead, jewel, gem" |
| manusia | human being | Sanskrit | manuṣyá मनुष्य |
| masjid | mosque | Arabic | مسجد / masjid |
| maya | illusion (religious) | Sanskrit | māyā |
| mentega | butter | Portuguese | manteiga |
| mi | mee | noodles | Hokkien | 麪 / mī |
| meja | table | Portuguese | mesa |
| melati | jasmine (jasminum grandiflorum) | Sanskrit | मालती / mālatī |
| merana | suffering, wasting away | Sanskrit | māraṇa मारण "death" |
| merdeka | rich, prosperous and powerful | Sanskrit | mahārdhika |
| merdu | melodious, tuneful | Sanskrit | मृदु / mṛdu "soft" |
| mesej | message | English | message |
| minggu | week | Portuguese | domingo (domingo means Sunday, "dominus" meaning "Lord" in Latin and "die dominicu" meaning "day of the Lord") |
| miskin | poor | Arabic | مسكين / miskīn |
| misi | mission | Latin (via English) | missiō |
| mitos | myth | Greek | μύθος / mýthos |
| muflis | bankrupt | Arabic | مفلس / muflis |
| mula | to start, to begin | Sanskrit | mūla मूल root, origin |
| munafik | hypocrite | Arabic | منافق / munāfiq |
| mungkin | maybe, perhaps, possibly | Arabic | ممكن / mumkin "possible" |
| mustahil | impossible | Arabic | مستحيل / mustaḥīl 'impossible, absurd' |
| museum | muzium | museum | English Derived from Greek, the "um" suffix is Latin | museum, from Ancient Greek μουσεῖον / mouseîon and Latin suffix "-um" |
| nadi | pulse, lifeline | Sanskrit | nāḍī नाडी "artery" |
| najis | excrement | Arabic | نجس / najis |
| nama | name | Sanskrit | nāma नाम |
| naratif | narrative | English | narrative |
| negara | country | Sanskrit | nagara नगर "city" |
| nanas | nenas | pineapple | Portuguese (itself from the Tupi language) | ananás |
| neraka | hell | Sanskrit | naraka |
| nihil | nil, nothing, zero | Latin | nihil |
| nisbah | ratio | Arabic | نِسْبَة / nisba |
| nota bene | actually, after look carefully, also | Latin | nota bene: note well, examine closely |
| nujum (in the compound ahli nujum') | astrologer | Arabic | نجوم nujūm 'stars' |
| nila | indigo dye | Sanskrit | nīla नील "blue" |
| nilam | sapphire | Sanskrit | nīlam नीलं "blue" |
| nisbah | ratio | Arabic | نسبة nisba |
| nobat | royal ensemble music | Arabic | نَوبة nawbah 'turn; changing of guards; bugle call; troupe of musicians' |
| Nusantara | archipelago (esp. the Malay Archipelago) | Javanese | nusantara |
| oknum | authority figure (police, soldier, prosecutor, judge) that perform unlawful or corrupted deed | Arabic | أقنوم uqnūm < Syriac ܩܢܘܡܐ qnoma 'person' |
| paderi | priest (Christian) | Portuguese | padre |
| pahala | divine reward | Sanskrit | phala फल 'fruit' |
| pahlawan | hero/warrior | Persian | پهلوان / pahlavān |
| pancaragam | musical band | Sanskrit | pañca पञ्च "five" + rāga राग "melody/tune/musical note" |
| pau | steamed bun | Portuguese | pão (bread). (This word is also behind "pau"/"pav" in Indian languages or "bāo" 包 in Chinese) |
| perkasa | mighty | Sanskrit | prakāśa प्रकाश "enlightened" |
| permaisuri | supreme lady, queen | Sanskrit | परम parama 'supreme' + ईश्वरी īśvarī 'female ruler', via Tamil பரமேஸ்வரி paramēsvari |
| perpustakaan | library | Sanskrit | base word "pustaka" is the Sanskrit word for "book" |
| pesta | party | Portuguese | festa |
| pasar | market, bazaar | Persian | بازار / bāzār / pazar |
| peta | map | Tamil | paṭam படம் 'cloth; picture' |
| perdana menteri | prime minister | Sanskrit | pradhānamantri प्रधानमन्त्रिन् |
| pertama | first | Sanskrit | prathama प्रथम |
| pertiwi | native soil, motherland | Sanskrit | pṛthivī पृथिवी/pṛthvī पृथ्वी "Prithvi", mother goddess of the earth |
| piala | cup (in the sense of a trophy) | Persian | پیاله / piyālah |
| pisau | knife | Mandarin | 匕首 / bi shou |
| pita | tape | Portuguese | fita |
| puasa | fasting | Sanskrit | upavasa |
| puja | idolize, worship | Sanskrit | pūjā पूजा |
| punggok | pungguk | owl, stump | Pe̍h-ōe-jī | 凤狗,鳳狗 / hōng-káu |
| punya | possessive verb | Sanskrit | puṇya पुण्य merit, deserving |
| pura | Hindu temple, city | Sanskrit | pura city/walled enclosure |
| purnama | (of the moon) full | Sanskrit | root pūrṇa पूर्ण - cf. "sampurṇa" |
| putra | putera | prince | Sanskrit | putra "(royal) son" |
| purba | ancient | Sanskrit | purva 'past' |
| rahasia | rahsia | secret | Sanskrit | rahasya रहस्य "mystery" |
| raja | king | Sanskrit | rājā |
| Rabu | Wednesday | Arabic | الأربعاء / al-Arbaʻāʼ |
| raksasa | monster | Sanskrit | rākṣasa राक्षस demon |
| rasa | taste | Sanskrit | rasa रस |
| ratna | jewel, gemstone | Sanskrit | ratna रत्न |
| renda | lace | Portuguese | renda |
| risiko | risk | Dutch | risico |
| roda | wheel | Portuguese | roda |
| ronda | verb, to patrol | Portuguese | verb rondar or noun ronda |
| rokok | cigarette | Dutch | roken "to smoke" |
| roti | bread | Hindi | रोटी roṭī 'bread' |
| rupa | shape, form, appearance | Sanskrit | rūpa रूप |
| sabda | quote, say | Sanskrit | śabda शब्द "word" |
| Sabtu | Saturday | Arabic | السبت / al-Sabt |
| sabun | soap | Arabic | صابون ṣābūn < Latin sabão < Portuguese |
| sahaja | casual, relaxed (e.g. duduk bersahaja "seated casually") | Sanskrit | sahaja सहज "natural" |
| sains | science | English | science |
| sama | same | Sanskrit | sama |
| samseng | gangster | Hokkien | 三牲 / sam-sing |
| sakti | miraculous power | Sanskrit | शक्ति śakti |
| salju | salji | snow | Arabic | ثلج thalj |
| sekolah | school | Portuguese | escola |
| seks | sex | English | sex, from Latin |
| selamat | safe, well-being | Arabic | سلامات salāmāt, used for greeting phrases as 'selamat pagi', etc. |
| Selasa | Tuesday | Arabic | الثلاثاء / al-Thulāthāʼ |
| sempurna | perfect, complete | Sanskrit | sampūrṇa संपूर्ण complete(d) - cf. "purnama" |
| sengsara | Suffering | Sanskrit | saṁsara |
| Senin (Malaysian: "Isnin") | Monday | Arabic | الإثنين / al-Ithnayn |
| spanduk | sepanduk | banner | Dutch | spandoek |
| sekolah | school | Greek | σχολή skholē |
| sepatu (mainly in Indonesian usage) | shoe | Portuguese | sapato |
| serigala | wolf | Sanskrit | śṛgāla शृगाल "jackal" |
| seteru | adversary, enemy | Sanskrit | śatru शत्रु |
| singa | lion | Tamil, Sanskrit | ciṅgam சிங்கம், siṁha सिंह |
| sejarah | history | Arabic | شجرة shajarah 'tree' |
| serdadu | soldadu (obsolete) | soldier | Portuguese | soldado |
| stadion | stadium | stadium | Greek | στάδιον / stádion "running race in the Ancient Olympics" |
| status | status | Latin | status |
| sopir | supir (dialectal/Indonesian) | driver | French | chauffeur |
| syariah | Islamic law | Arabic | الشريعة / sharīʻah |
| syukur | thankful | Arabic | شكر / shukr / Şükür |
| surga | syurga | heaven | Sanskrit | svargam |
| sistem | system | English | system |
| suci | clean, pure | Sanskrit | śuci शुचि 'clean' |
| suka | happiness | Sanskrit | sukha |
| sula | to impale | Sanskrit | śūla शूल stake, spear, pike |
| syor | recommendation | Mandarin | 說,说 / shuō |
| surya | suria | sun | Sanskrit | sūrya |
| takhta | throne | Persian | تخت / takht 'platform' |
| tangki | tank | Portuguese | tanque |
| tanglong | lantern | Hokkien | 燈籠,灯笼 / tanglong |
| topan | taufan | typhoon | Persian | طوفان |
| taoge | taugeh | bean sprouts | Hokkien | 豆芽,豆芽 / tāu-gê |
| tahu | tauhu | bean curd | Hokkien | 豆腐 / tāu-hū |
| tarikh | date | Arabic | تاريح / tārīkh |
| teh | black tea | Hokkien | 茶乌,茶烏 / tê-oo |
| teja (archaic) | magnificence, splendor, radiance | Sanskrit | tejas तेजस् 'sharp edge, glow, splendor' |
| taksi | teksi | taxi | English | taxi |
| teko | teapot | Hokkien | 茶壺,茶壶 / tê-ko |
| televisi | television | Dutch | televisie |
| televisyen | television | English | television |
| tembaga | copper | possibly Sanskrit or Spanish | tāmra ताम्र (Sanskrit) or tumbaga (Spanish). The Spanish word rather refers to a copper-gold alloy. |
| tempo | tempoh | period | Portuguese | tempo "time" |
| topi | hat | Hindi | टोपी ṭopī |
| tuala | towel | Portuguese | toalha |
| tukar | to exchange | Portuguese | trocar |
| universitas | universiti | university | Latin | universitas |
| unta | camel | Hindi | ऊँट ūṇṭ < Sanskrit उष्ट्र uṣṭra |
| upacara | ritual | Sanskrit | उपचार upacāra 'approach; service' |
| utama | main | Sanskrit | uttama उत्तम "principal" (adj.) |
| utara | north | Sanskrit | uttara |
| waham | delusion | Dutch | wanen |
| waktu | time | Arabic | وقت / waqt |
| wangsa | dynasty | Sanskrit | vaṃśa वंश "lineage, race" - cf. "bangsa" |
| wanita | woman | Sanskrit | वनिता vanitā 'wished for, desired; beloved woman' |
| warna | colour | Sanskrit | varṇa |
| warta | news | Sanskrit | vārttā वार्त्ता |
| zarafah | zirafah | giraffe | Arabic and English | زرافة / zarāfah |
2019年11月20日星期三
List of loanwords in Malay
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