Merry Christmas

祝愿大家圣诞快乐！
Merry Christmas!
Selamat hari natal...

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Flood 水灾

转载照片 Photo courtesy of Cari

Banjir - Flood 水灾

Basics 基本

Basics 基本

Hello. 哈罗
Halo. (Halo)

Hello. (informal) 哈罗（非正式）
Hai. (Hi)

How are you? 你好吗？
Apa khabar? (AH-pAh KAH-bar?)

Fine, thank you. 很好，谢谢。
Baik, terima kasih. (BAYK, TREE-muh KUS-see)

What is your name? 请问你贵姓？
Apakah nama anda? Siapa nama?

My name is ______ . 我的名叫______。
Nama saya ______ . (NUM-MUH suh-yuh _____ .)

Nice to meet you. 很高兴认识你。
Senang berjumpa dengan Anda. (SNUNG burr-jum-puh UN-duh)

Please. 请。
Silakan. (see-LUH-kunn)

Please. (request) 请求。
Tolong. (TOH-long)

Thank you. 谢谢。
Terima kasih.

You're welcome. 不客气。
Sama-sama.

Yes. 是。
Ya. (YUH)

No. 不是。
Tidak. (TEE-duck), Tak (TAHK)

Maybe 可能。
Mungkin. (Moonk-Kin)

Excuse me. (getting attention, lit. may i ask?) 不好意思。
Boleh tumpang tanya?

Excuse me. (begging pardon) 抱歉。
Maaf.

I'm sorry. 对不起。
Maafkan saya.

Goodbye. 再见。
Selamat tinggal. Selamat Jalan

Goodbye (informal) 告辞。
Bai.

I can't speak Malay [well]. 我不太会说马来语。
Saya tidak boleh berbahasa Melayu [dengan baik].

Do you speak English? 你会说英语吗？
Bolehkah anda cakap bahasa Inggeris?

Is there someone here who speaks English? 请问这里有谁会说英语？
Ada orang yang boleh berbahasa Inggeris? , Ada sesiapa yang boleh bercakap Inggeris di sini?

Help! 救命！
Tolong!

Look out! 小心！
Hati-hati!

Good morning. 早安。
Selamat pagi. (slum-mut PUH-GUEE)

Good afternoon. 午安。
Selamat tengah hari.

Good evening. 晚上好。
Selamat petang.

Good night. 晚安。
Selamat malam.

Good night (to sleep) 晚安
Selamat tidur.

I don't understand. 我不明白。
Saya tidak faham.

Where is the toilet? 厕所在哪里？
Di manakah tandas?

Short forms

Tak nak?

Colloquial Malay shortens commonly used words mercilessly.

sudah → dah
already

tidak → tak
no

hendak → nak
to want

aku → ku
I (informal)

kamu → mu
you (informal)

-ku and -mu also act as suffixes: keretaku is short for kereta aku, "my car".

Pronounciation Guide

Pronunciation guide

Malay is very easy to pronounce: it has one of the most phonetic writing systems in the world, with only a small number of simple consonants and relatively few vowel sounds. One peculiarity of the spelling is the lack for a separate sign to denote the schwa. It is written as an 'e', which can sometimes be confusing.

Vowels

a
like 'a' in "father"
ê
like 'e' in "vowel" (schwa)
e, é
like 'e' in "bed", usually the difference between a schwa and an e is not indicated in writing
i
like 'i' in "thin"
o
like 'ow' in "low", in open positions or like 'o' in "top" in close positions
u
like 'oo' in "hoop", in open positions or like 'o' in “hope” in close positions

Consonants

b
like 'b' in "bed"
c
like 'ch' in "China"
ch
old spelling of c
d
like 'd' in "dog"
f
like 'ph' in "phone"
g
like 'g' in "go"
h
like 'h' in "help"
j
like 'j' in "jug"; in older romanizations also the vowel i
k
like 'c' in "cat", often silent at the end of a word
kh
like 'ch' in "loch"
l
like 'l' in "love"
m
like 'm' in "mother"
n
like 'n' in "nice"
p
like 'p' in "pig"
q
like 'q' in "quest" (with "u", almost always, only in Arabic borrowings)
r
like 'rh' in "rheumatism"
s
like 'ss' in "hiss"
sy
like 'sh' in "sheep"

t
like 't' in "top"
v
like 'ph' in "phone"
w
like 'w' in "weight"
x
like 'cks' in "kicks"
y
like 'y' in "yes"
z
like 's' in "hiss", like 'z' in "haze", like 'dg' in "edge"

Common diphthongs

ai
like 'in' in "mind"
au
like 'ow' in "cow"
oi
like 'oy' in "boy"

Comparison 对比

Yes/No 是/不是 Ya/Tidak
Left/Right 左/右 Kanan/Kiri
Right/Wrong 对/错 Betul/Salah
Up/Down 上/下 Atas/Bawah
Front/Back 前/后 Depan/Belakang
Day/Night 日/夜 Hari/Malam
Hot/Cold 热/冷 Panas/Sejuk
Warm/Cool 温/凉 Suam/dingin
Male/Female 男/女 Lelaki/Perempuan

Personality 2 人物 2

Father 爸爸 Bapa
Mother 妈妈 Ibu, Mak
Elder brother 哥哥 Abang
Elder sister 姐姐 Kakak
Younger brother/sister 弟弟、妹妹 Adik
Parents 家长 Ibubapa

Children 儿童 Anak, kanak-kanak, busak
Adult 成人 Dewasa
Teenagers 年轻人 Remaja
Elderly 老人 Orang tua

Personality 1 人物 1

I 我 Saya
You 你 Awak, kau, engkau
You (polite) 您 Anda
Him/Her 他、她 Dia

We 我们 Kami, kita
You all 你们 Awak semua
They/Them 他们、她们、它们 Mereka

This 这个 Ini
That 那个 Itu
It 它 Ia

Conversation 1 会话 1

Thank you 谢谢 Terima kasih
Sorry 对不起 Maaf
Excuse me 不好意思 Maafkan saya
See you again 再见 Jumpa lagi
Welcome 欢迎 Selamat datang
Hello 哈咯 Halo

Months 月份

January 一月 Januari
February 二月 Februari
March 三月 Mac
April 四月 April
May 五月 Mei
June 六月 Jun
July 七月 Julai
August 八月 Ogos
September 九月 September
October 十月 Oktober
November 十一月 November
December 十二月 Disember

Months 月份 Bulan

Calendar 日历

Days of the week

Monday 星期一 Isnin
Tuesday 星期二 Selasa
Wednesday 星期三 Rabu
Thursday 星期四 Khamis
Friday 星期五 Jumaat
Saturday 星期六 Sabtu
Sunday 星期日 Ahad

Public Holiday 公共假期 Cuti am
School Holiday 学校假期 Cuti sekolah
Weekends 周末 Hujung minggu, akhir pekan

Queries 发问

Apa 什么 What
Siapa 谁 Who
Kenapa/mengapa 为什么 Why
Bila 几时 When
Bagaimana/ macammana 如何 How

Tanya 询问 Asking
Soalan 问题 Question
Jawapan 答案 Answer

9999

9999: Sembilan ribu sembilan ratus sembilan puluh sembilan

66

66: enam puluh enam

Numbers 数目 3

101 seratus satu
110 seratus sepuluh
120 seratus dua puluh
200 dua ratus
500 lima ratus

555 lima ratus lima puluh lima
1000 seribu
5000 lima ribu
9876 sembilan ribu lapan ratus tujuh puluh enam
10,000 sepuluh ribu
100,000 seratus ribu
1,000,000 sejuta

Numbers 数目 2

11 sebelas
12 dua belas
13 tiga belas14 empat belas
15 lima belas
16 enam belas
17 tujuh belas
18 lapan belas
19 sembilan belas
20 dua puluh
21 dua puluh satu
22 dua puluh dua
30 tiga puluh
40 empat puluh
50 lima puluh
60 enam puluh
70 tujuh puluh
80 lapan puluh
90 sembilan puluh
99 sembilan puluh sembilan
100 seratus

Numbers 数目

0 Kosong
1 Satu

2 Dua

3 Tiga

4 Empat
5 Lima
6 Enam
7 Tujuh
8 Lapan

9 Sembilan

10 Sepuluh

书写系统

书写系统

在20世纪以前，由于多数的马来人都信奉伊斯兰教，所以他们是使用一种叫做“爪夷文”的改良式阿拉伯字母书写系统来进行书写的。之后，另外一种叫做“Rumi”的罗马字母书写系统，则逐渐在日常生活中取代了“爪夷文”原本的地位。马来西亚和印尼在书写系统上的差别，其实正反映了当时统治两地的不同殖民政府 --- 英国殖民政府和荷属东印度公司 --- 在书写系统上的差别。

在印尼语中，英文字“moon”中的母音，是遵循荷兰语的习惯而写成“oe”。在日本占领印尼的时候，这个母音又被日本殖民政府改为“u”（因此，印尼第一任总统苏卡诺的名字，也从Soekarno被改为Sukarno）。同样地，在1972年以前，英语“chin”中的子音，虽然在马来语中是用“ch”来表示，但是在印尼语中，则是遵循荷兰语的习惯而书写成“tj”。所以，“孙子”在马来语中的写法是“chuchu”，但是在印尼语中的写法却是“tjoetjoe”。



这种情况一直到了1972年才有所改变。由于印尼“Ejaan Yang Disempurnakan (精确拼音；Perfected Spelling)”的公布，马来语和印尼语中书写系统的这些差异才有了缩小的迹象。比如说，在这之后，马来语的“ch”和印尼语的“tj”，都一律改成 “c”，因此“孙子”就变成了“cucu”。此外，印尼语也不再使用“dj”，而是使用马来语中已经采用的“j”，因此，雅加达的拼法，就从“Djakarta”变成了“Jakarta”。原本在印尼语中被保留来发半母音的“j”（即英语“young”的第一个发音），也由马来语中的“y”所取代。

虽然马来语和印尼语在书写系统上已经几乎获得了统一，然而，由于某些历史上的原因，这两种语言的某些词汇还是有差异。比如说，“钱”在马来语中是写成“wang”，但是在印尼语中则是写成“uang”。

Writing system

Malay is normally written using Latin alphabet called Rumi, although a modified Arabic script called Jawi also exists. Rumi is official in Malaysia and Singapore, and Indonesian has a different official orthography also using the Latin script. Rumi and Jawi are co-official in Brunei. Efforts are currently being undertaken to preserve Jawi script and to revive its use amongst Malays in Malaysia, and students taking Malay language examination in Malaysia have the option of answering questions using Jawi script. The Latin alphabet, however, is still the most commonly used script in Malaysia, both for official and informal purposes.


Historically, Malay has been written using various scripts. Before the introduction of Arabic script in the Malay region, Malay was written using Pallava, Kawi and Rencong script and these are still in use today by the Champa Malay in Vietnam and Cambodia. Old Malay was written using Pallava and Kawi script, as evident from several inscription stones in the Malay region. Starting from the era of kingdom of Pasai and throughout the golden age of the Sultanate of Malacca, Jawi gradually replaced these scripts as the most commonly used script in the Malay region. Starting from the 17th century, under Dutch and British influence, Jawi was gradually replaced by the Rumi script.

-Information courtesy of Wikipedia-

名称

名称

根据马来西亚、印尼、和汶莱共同达成的默契，马来语是以廖内语（Bahasa Riau）--- 苏门达腊廖内省（Riau）的口音 --- 当作标准腔的。这是因为长久以来，现属印尼的廖内省一直被视为是马来语的诞生地。

在马来西亚，马来语被称之为“Bahasa Melayu (马来语言；Malay language)”或“Bahasa Malaysia (马来西亚语言；Malaysian language)”。“马来西亚语言”是马来西亚政府在1967年的“国语法案（National Language Act）”中被使用的语汇。一直到1990年以前，“马来西亚语言”是比较常被用来指涉马来语的一个名称。但是在1990年以后，不论是官方人士或者是学院里面的学者，却都逐渐倾向于用“马来语言” --- 这是马来语版的“马来西亚联邦宪法”中所使用的语汇 --- 来指涉马来语。

印尼在宣布独立以后，也是使用某种形式的马来语当作其官方语言，但是却将其称之为“Bahasa Indonesia (印尼语言)”。至于在汶莱和新加坡，他们所使用的马来语则是被简单称为“Malay (马来语)”或者是“Bahasa Melayu (马来语言)”。

基本上，所谓“马来语言”和“印尼语言”的区别，是基于政治上的原因，而不是基于语言学上的考虑。使用这两种语言的人基本上是可以互相沟通的，虽然有不少语汇不一定完全相同。但是，值得注意的是，很多马来方言彼此之间反而无法完全互相沟通。比如说，对很多马来人而言，他们就很难理解吉兰丹语（Kelantanese）的发音。此外，印尼爪哇的马来语（Javanese Malay），则是拥有很多特有的词汇，即使是熟悉马来语的马来人也无法完全理解这些词汇的意思。

-以上资料转载自维基百科-

Origin

Origin

There are many hypotheses as to where the Malay language originated. One of these is that it came from Sumatra island. The oldest written documents in Malay, dated from the end of the 7th century AD, were found on Bangka Island, off the southeastern coast of Sumatra and in Palembang in southern Sumatra. "Malayu" was the name of an old kingdom located in Jambi province in eastern Sumatra. It was known in ancient Chinese texts as "Mo-lo-yo" and mentioned in the Nagarakertagama, an old Javanese epic written in 1365, as one of the "tributary states" of the Majapahit kingdom in eastern Java.

The use of Malay throughout insular and peninsular Southeast Asia is linked to the rise of Muslim kingdoms and the spread of Islam, itself a consequence of growing regional trade.

Indonesia pronounced a variety of Malay its official language when it gained independence, calling it Bahasa Indonesia. However, the language had already been used as the lingua franca throughout the archipelago since the 15th century. Since 1928, nationalists and young people throughout the Indonesian archipelago declared it to be Indonesia's only official language, as proclaimed in the Sumpah Pemuda "Youth Vow." Thus Indonesia was the first country to designate it as an official language. In several parts of Indonesia, in Sumatra and Borneo Islands, Malay is spoken as local dialect of ethnic Malays.

In Malaysia, the term Bahasa Malaysia was in use until the 1990s, when most academics and government officials reverted to "Bahasa Melayu," used in the Malay version of the Federal Constitution. According to Article 152 of the Federal Constitution, Malay is the official language of Malaysia. "Bahasa Kebangsaan" (National Language) was also used at one point during the 1970s. At present day, the government is referring to the language as Bahasa Malaysia again. Similar to Malaysia in the mid 1990's, "Bahasa Melayu" was defined as Brunei's official language in the country's 1959 Constitution.

Indonesian and Malay are separated by some centuries of different vocabulary development, partly due to the influence of different colonial languages; Dutch in the case of Indonesia, formerly the Dutch East Indies and English in the case of Malaysia, Singapore and Brunei, which were formerly under British rule.

Some Malay dialects, however, show only limited mutual intelligibility with the standard language; for example, Kelantanese pronunciation is difficult even for some fellow Malay speakers to understand, while Indonesian contains many words unique to it that are unfamiliar to speakers of Malay (some because of Javanese (bahasa Jawa), Sundanese (bahasa Sunda) or other local language influence, and some because the language has been modified by youngsters).

The language spoken by the Peranakan (Straits Chinese, a hybrid of Chinese settlers from the Ming Dynasty and local Malays) is a unique patois of Malay and the Chinese Hokkien dialect, which is mostly spoken in the former Straits Settlements of Penang and Malacca in Malaysia, and the Indonesian Archipelago.

-Info courtesy of Wikipedia-

讲解

马来语（马来语：Bahasa Melayu）在语言分类上是属于南岛语系的马来-玻里尼西亚语族，主要被使用于马来西亚以及马来西亚周边的邻国，比如说泰国、新加坡、汶莱、菲律宾、以及印尼苏门达腊岛的部分地区等。在1945年以前，印尼苏门达腊以外的很多地方也是使用马来语。但是在印尼于该年从荷兰手中宣布独立以后，该国所使用的马来语则被称为印尼语（Bahasa Indonesia）。此外，马来语在东帝汶也是一个被广泛使用的工作语言。

在马来西亚，大概有1300万人是以马来语为母语，约占全国人口的52%。此外，在马来西亚还有1000万人是以马来语作为他们的第二语言。至于在其他国家，印尼的苏门达腊也有1000万的马来语使用人口，泰国有100万，新加坡则有40万人左右(Ethnologue: Languages of the World 2005；博文翻译有限公司nd)。

－以上资料转载自维基百科－

Definition

Malay is a group of languages closely related to each other to the point of mutual intelligibility but that linguists consider to be separate languages. They are grouped into a group called "Local Malay", part of a larger group called "Malayan" within the Malayo-Polynesian branch of the Austronesian language family.The various forms of Malay are spoken in Brunei, Indonesia (where the national language, Indonesian, is a variety of it), Malaysia, Singapore, Philippines, and southern Thailand.

Malay is the official language of Brunei and Malaysia. In Malaysia, the language is also called Bahasa Malaysia. Singapore, Brunei and southern Thailand refer to the language as Bahasa Melayu ("Malay language"). Malay is one of the national languages of Singapore. The national language of Indonesia, which was derived from Bahasa Malayu, is Indonesian, formally referred to as Bahasa Indonesia which literally translates as "Indonesian language". It is also called Bahasa Nasional (National Language) and Bahasa Persatuan/Pemersatu (Unifying Language) in Indonesia. In some regions of Sumatera, Indonesians refer to the Indonesian language as Bahasa Melayu. Indonesian is also used in East Timor, a consequence of more than 20 years of Indonesian administration and is now a "working language" of that country.

-Info courtesy of Wikipedia-

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